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Vocabulary directory

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stimulus

something that causes a response or encourages activity

tornado

a violent rotating column of air that reaches the ground

unprecedented

never having happened or existed before

advancement

progress or improvement in a field or career

battalion

a large military unit made up of several companies

flee

to run away from danger

obesity

a condition involving an unhealthy amount of body fat

reliance

dependence on someone or something

taxation

the system or process of collecting taxes

automation

the use of machines or software to perform tasks automatically

decorative

used to make something look attractive

evolve

to develop gradually over time

extraction

the act of removing something from a place or material

psychologist

a specialist who studies behavior and mental processes

reproductive

relating to the process of producing offspring

rivalry

competition between people or groups trying to do better than each other

royalty

members of a royal family

tutorial

a lesson in which a teacher works with one student or a small group

bulletin

a short official announcement or news report

fascist

relating to a political system based on authoritarian nationalism

hygiene

practices that keep people and places clean and healthy

oppression

cruel or unfair use of power over people

traumatic

causing severe emotional distress or physical injury

apparatus

a set of equipment used for a particular purpose

banker

a person who works in banking, often in a senior role

cosmic

relating to the universe or space

developmental

relating to growth or change over time

hierarchy

a system in which people or things are ranked at different levels

parental

relating to a parent or parents

sailor

a person who works on a ship or sails a boat

offspring

the young of a person, animal, or plant

conquest

the act of gaining control over a place by force

continuity

the state of continuing without interruption

insider

a person with special knowledge because they belong to a group

outrageous

shockingly unfair or unacceptable

sustainability

the ability to continue without exhausting resources or harming the future

velvet

a soft fabric with a thick, smooth surface

cancellation

the decision that an event or arrangement will not happen

designation

the act of giving someone or something an official name or status

geology

the study of rocks and the Earth's structure and history

payroll

a list of employees to be paid, or the total amount paid to them

photographic

relating to photographs or photography

restriction

a rule or condition that limits what can be done

stainless

resistant to rust or staining

disciplinary

relating to punishment for breaking rules

finite

having a limit or an end

forthcoming

going to happen or appear soon

migrant

a person who moves from one place to another, often for work

prestige

respect and admiration gained through success or reputation

relevance

the quality of being directly connected to a subject

textile

cloth or a material made by weaving or knitting

upwards

toward a higher place or greater amount

allocation

the process of assigning resources to different uses or people

amusement

a feeling of enjoyment or mild laughter

auxiliary

providing extra help or support

ceramic

made from clay and hardened by heat

clergy

people who are officially appointed as religious leaders

endurance

the ability to keep going despite difficulty or tiredness

expenditure

the amount of money spent

ironically

in a way that is unexpected or opposite to what was intended

scrutiny

careful examination of something

tempo

the speed at which music is played

acceleration

an increase in speed over time

contention

a point of disagreement or argument

dilemma

a difficult choice between two possible actions

greed

an excessive desire for money, power, or possessions

metaphor

a figure of speech that describes one thing as another

patron

a person who supports an artist or an organization

quantitative

relating to amounts that can be counted or measured

thigh

the upper part of a person's leg

atom

the smallest unit of a chemical element

occupational

relating to a person's job or work

arbitration

a way to settle a dispute through an independent decision maker

bilateral

involving two countries or two groups

cholesterol

a fatty substance in the blood that the body needs in small amounts

contributor

a person who gives money, ideas, or work to a project

insanity

a severe state of mental illness or extreme irrationality

intentional

done deliberately, not by accident

jeep

a small, strong vehicle designed for rough roads

lecturer

a person who teaches or gives talks, especially at a university

miniature

very small but otherwise similar to a larger thing

onset

the beginning of something, often unpleasant

plantation

a large farm where one crop is grown for sale

radioactive

emitting energy from unstable atoms

reconciliation

the process of restoring a friendly relationship after conflict

specimen

a sample used for scientific study or testing

analogy

a comparison used to explain a similar relationship

boiler

a device that heats water or makes steam

cubic

measured in units of volume based on a cube

downward

toward a lower position

hazardous

likely to cause harm or danger

hourly

measured or paid for each hour

magistrate

a judge who deals with less serious cases

milestone

an important stage or achievement

predator

an animal that hunts other animals for food

respectable

worthy of respect or fairly good by accepted standards

vulnerability

the state of being open to harm or attack

akin

similar in some important way

chronicle

a written record of events in the order they happened

contamination

the presence of harmful substances in something